Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan: Prioritizing Human Rights in New Border Agreement

Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan’s border agreement signed in March 2025 aims to resolve historical disputes, prioritizing human rights and justice for conflict victims. The deal addresses land swaps and resource management while mandating accountability for war crimes during the 2022 conflict. Both governments are urged to protect the rights of local residents and should receive international support to strengthen peace efforts.

On March 13, 2025, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan signed a historic border agreement aimed at resolving long-standing disputes, particularly following the violent conflict in September 2022. This agreement, ratified by both nations’ parliaments, signifies a renewed endeavor to prioritize the human rights of local populations affected by the conflict and address the injustices suffered during that time. Human Rights Watch has emphasized the importance of this approach for sustainable peace and justice.

The border deal includes provisions for equitable land swaps and shared management of water resources. Additionally, both nations agreed to refrain from deploying drones or heavy military assets along their shared border. After receiving legislative approval in March 2025, border crossings have reopened, marking a significant advancement in diplomatic relations between the two countries.

The September 2022 clash resulted in much loss, with Human Rights Watch documenting at least 37 civilian fatalities and numerous injuries. Allegations of war crimes emerged on both sides, including indiscriminate attacks by Kyrgyz forces and the targeted killing of civilians by Tajik troops. Past clashes, such as those in April 2021, have also exacerbated tensions and led to civilian casualties and property damage.

International humanitarian law mandates the protection of civilians during armed conflicts, obligating warring parties to differentiate between combatants and non-combatants and to avoid indiscriminate attacks. Both nations are responsible for investigating violations and ensuring accountability for their armed forces’ actions. However, the lack of transparency regarding investigations into past abuses hampers trust-building efforts.

As part of the border agreement, the village of Dostuk in Kyrgyzstan will be ceded to Tajikistan in exchange for comparable territory. It is imperative that the rights of affected residents are upheld, specifically regarding property, education, and essential resources like water. Initiatives aimed at fostering human rights respect among border communities are vital, including programs that combat hate speech.

International support is essential in fostering respect for human rights between Kyrgyz and Tajik border communities. Such support should facilitate investigations into humanitarian law violations from recent conflicts and promote accountability. The border agreement presents a significant opportunity for both governments; however, prioritizing local rights and addressing historical grievances remains critical.

The recent border agreement between Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan represents a critical step towards reconciliation, focusing on human rights and justice for victims of past conflicts. Nonetheless, both nations must prioritize the ongoing well-being of local populations, ensure accountability for wartime atrocities, and foster mutual respect between communities. International engagement will play a vital role in promoting lasting peace and upholding the principles of humanitarian law in the region.

Original Source: www.hrw.org